Delegates to the Accra Reparations Conference 2023 entering the prison used to house African prisoners of war before departing from the Door of No Return and trafficked to the Americas were they suffered chattel enslavement and ethnocide.

The following form is for lawyers, judges, professors, activists and legal strategists to provide input on specific questions that are intended for the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to give its Opinion on fundamental legal questions related to the Global Afrikan Reparatory Justice Movement.

The questions were first developed by Siphiwe Baleka and then endorsed by 248 others who signed the MANDATE FROM THE AFRO DESCENDANT PEOPLE ISSUED TO THE PERMANENT FORUM ON PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT TO REQUEST AN ADVISORY OPINION FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ON THEIR STATUS AS PRISONERS OF WAR UNDER THE GENEVA CONVENTION.

The President of the Permanent Forume on People of African Descent, Ms. Epsy Campbell Barr, has officially incorporated this item on the Agenda of the next session of PFPAD in April 2024. Meanwhile, CARICOM has announced that it, too, is considering requesting an Advisory Opinion from the ICJ.

𝐃𝐫. 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐚 𝐍. 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐭, 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐎𝐌 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲-𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥, 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐫𝐚 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 stated,

"Reparatory justice for the Caribbean Community is a priority for our heads of goverment who agree that collaboration with Africa on reparations is critical to moving this agenda forward. They have expressed their full support for the convening of the Accra Reparations Conference as 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧, 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚 between the Caribbean and Africa on reparations. It is in this context that we welcome the update that the African Union is also seeking to develop a common position on reparations and 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒑 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒚 𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆. The Accra Reparations Conference is therefore timely to facilitate Dialogue on the reparations agenda. . . . 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐎𝐌 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐤 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐉𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐥𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐣𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐮𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐠𝐧. . . . "

The ACCRA PROCLAMATION ON REPARATIONS that was published after the conference states,

"𝟔. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐣𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: This will involve engagement, in close coordination with the African Union Commission, on the question of how international law interacts with or supports the quest for reparations, including the potential for exploring litigation options in regional and international court systems. This effort will require the African Union, including the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, CARICOM and Latin American states, Europe and all other regions of the world, among others, 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒄𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒍 𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒕𝒚, 𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔, 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅, 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎, 𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒅 𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒗𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒖𝒎𝒂𝒏 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅. In addition, we support actions being taken in and outside the Continent by individual Member States and descendants of victims of these historical crimes and call on the African Union to lend its weight behind future litigatory actions for reparations."

To contribute to this recommendation and assist in the research and collaboration, please complete the following questionaire:

INPUT ON THE REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION FROM THE ICJ ON THE STATUS OF AFRO DESCEDANTS UNDER THE GENEVA CONVENTION

1. The Dum Diversas Apostolic Edict of Pope Nicholas V on June 18, 1452 states “we grant to you full and free power, through the Apostolic authority by this edict, to invade, conquer, fight, subjugate the Saracens and pagans, and other infidels and other enemies of Christ, and wherever established their Kingdoms, Duchies, Royal Palaces, Principalities and other dominions, lands, places, estates, camps and any other possessions, mobile and immobile goods found in all these places and held in whatever name, and held and possessed by the same Saracens, Pagans, infidels, and the enemies of Christ, also realms, duchies, royal palaces, principalities and other dominions, lands, places, estates, camps, possessions of the king or prince or of the kings or princes, AND TO LEAD THEIR PERSONS IN PERPETUAL SERVITUDE, AND TO APPLY AND APPROPRIATE REALMS, DUCHIES, ROYAL PALACES, PRINCIPALITIES AND OTHER DOMINIONS, POSSESSIONS AND GOODS OF THIS KIND TO YOU AND YOUR USE AND YOUR SUCCESSORS THE KINGS OF PORTUGAL.” 𝐃𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐚 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐫?

1a. Please explain your answer

2. In the mid-19th century, scholars identified total war as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, the differentiation between combatants and non-combatants diminishes due to the capacity of opposing sides to consider nearly every human, including non-combatants, as resources that are used in the war effort. "Total war" is thus defined as a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. 𝐈𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐮𝐦 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐬 𝐀𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 "𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐫"?

2a. Please explain your answer

3. A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by the combatants, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war; torture; taking hostages; unnecessarily destroying civilian property; deception by perfidy; rape; pillaging; the conscription of child soldiers; committing genocide or ethnic cleansing; the granting of no quarter, despite surrender; and flouting the legal distinctions of proportionality and military necessity. 𝐖𝐚𝐫 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Intentional murder of innocent people; Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments; Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health; Compelling a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve in the forces of hostile power; Use by children under the age of sixteen years into armed forces or groups or using them to participate actively in hostilities; Intentionally directing attack against the civilian population as not taking direct part in hostilities; Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly; Destroying or seizing the property of an adversary unless demanded by necessities of the conflict; Using poison or poisoned weapons; Intentionally directing attack against building dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals as long as it's not used as military infrastructure; Wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial; Attacking or bombarding towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended and which are not military infrastructure; Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement; Taking of hostages. Intentional assault with the knowledge that such an assault would result in loss of life or casualty to civilians or damage to civilian objects or extensive, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment that would be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct. 𝐃𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 "𝐰𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬" 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐲 "𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬" 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲?

3a. Please explain your answer

4. There are eleven international texts defining crimes against humanity, but they all differ slightly as to their definition of that crime and its legal elements. Unlike genocide and war crimes, which have been widely recognized and prohibited in international criminal law since the establishment of the Nuremberg principles, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐧𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲, even though such crimes are continuously perpetrated worldwide in numerous conflicts and crises. However, the Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2391 (XXIII) of 26 November 1968 Entry into force: 11 November 1970, in accordance with article VIII and states, "Considering that war crimes and crimes against humanity are among the gravest crimes in international law, Convinced that the effective punishment of war crimes and crimes against humanity is an important element in the prevention of such crimes, the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the encouragement of confidence, the furtherance of co-operation among peoples and the promotion of international peace and security, Noting that the application to war crimes and crimes against humanity of the rules of municipal law relating to the period of limitation for ordinary crimes is a matter of serious concern to world public opinion, since it prevents the prosecution and punishment of persons responsible for those crimes, Recognizing that it is necessary and timely to affirm in international law, through this Convention, the principle that there is no period of limitation for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and to secure its universal application, Have agreed as follows: Article I No statutory limitation shall apply to the following crimes, irrespective of the date of their commission: ( a ) War crimes as they are defined in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Nürnberg, of 8 August 1945 and confirmed by resolutions 3 (I) of 13 February 1946 and 95 (I) of 11 December 1946 of the General Assembly of the United Nations, particularly the "grave breaches" enumerated in the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the protection of war victims; ( b ) Crimes against humanity whether committed in time of war or in time of peace as they are defined in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Nürnberg, of 8 August 1945 and confirmed 2 by resolutions 3 (I) of 13 February 1946 and 95 (I) of 11 December 1946 of the General Assembly of the United Nations, eviction by armed attack or occupation and inhuman acts resulting from the policy of apartheid , and the crime of genocide as defined in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, even if such acts do not constitute a violation of the domestic law of the country in which they were committed. " 𝐈𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐮𝐦 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲?

4a. Please explain your answer

5. Recalling that the 1949 Geneva Convention: Article 4 (1) defines prisoners of war and Article 5 states, “the present Convention shall apply to the persons referred to in Article 4 from the time they fall into the power of the enemy and until their final release and repatriation”; Further Recalling that the new Geneva Convention Protocol on Prisoners of War which went into force for some states on 7 December 1978, has provided in Articles 43 through 47 broader standards for prisoners of war, who come from irregular and guerilla units, than the terms of the 1949 Article 4 and Article 45 of the 1978 Protocol states that a “A person who takes part in hostilities and falls into the power of an adverse Party shall be presumed to be a prisoner of war… if he claims the status of war, or if he appears to be entitled to such status, or if the party on which he depends claims such status on his behalf”; Recalling that the African Diaspora, referred to as “Afrodescendents”, has been determined by a competent tribunal -- the Third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in the city of Santiago, Chile in the year 2000 - and confirmed in 2002 at the United Nations Conference for the Rights of Minorities in La Ceiba, Honduras to refer to the African Diaspora that - Were forcibly disposed of their homeland, Africa; - Were transported to the Americas and Slavery Diaspora for the purpose of enslavement; - Were subjected to slavery; - Were subjected to forced mixed breeding and rape; - Have experienced, through force, the loss of mother tongue, culture, and religion; -Have experienced racial discrimination due to lost ties from their original identity. 𝐖𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐮𝐦 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐞 “𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐫” 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 “𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧” 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐯𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧?

5a. Please explain your answer

6. Recalling that in 1841 the decision in United States v The Libelants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad declared on page 841 of its decision that, “The law of nature and the law of nations find us effectively to render justice to the African . . . and in a case like this, where it is admitted that the African . . . owe no allegiance to (any Nations laws) their rights are to be determined by the law which is of universal obligation - the law of nature… The presumption of law is, always, that the domicile of origin is retained until the change is proved . . . The burden of proving the change is cast on him who alleges it. . .. The domicile of origin prevails until the party has not only acquired another, but has manifested and carried into execution an intention of abandoning his former domicile and acquiring another as his sole domicile. As it is the will or intention of the party which alone determines what is the real place of domicile which he has chosen, it follows that a former domicile is not abandoned by residence in another if that residence be not voluntarily chosen. Those who are in exile, or in prison, as they are never presumed to have abandoned all hope of return, retain their former domicile. That these victims of fraud and piracy - husbands torn from their wives and families - children from their parents and kindred - neither intended to abandon the land or their nativity, nor had lost all hope of recovering it, sufficiently appears from the facts on this record. It cannot, surely be claimed that a residence, under such circumstances of these helpless beings . . . changed their native domicile”; Recalling that in 1973, Republic of New Afrika President Imari Abubakari Obadele and Attorney Gaidi Obadele laid out the case for a plebiscite for African Americans in the Article Three Briefs Establishing the Legal Case for the Existence of the Black Nation The Republic of New Afrika in North America and the government’s response, the Brief in Support of Motion to Quash Indictment for Lack of Jurisdiction Under Article III, U.S. Constitution Brought by the Defendant states, “Every element of the limits of Sec. (b)(2) clearly exist, with the exception of Obadele showing that he is a person of foreign nationality. That question, however, is a matter of law and requires a decision upon the issue of whether black folks now within the United States have ever been converted, in accordance with settled principles of universally established law, into United States citizens, and divested altogether of their original foreign African nationality”; 𝐈𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐨 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 - 𝐛𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐤𝐬 - 𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐝, 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐥𝐚𝐰, 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐧𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲?

6a. Please explain your answer

7. What rights do the Afro Descendants throughout the Americas and Caribbean have to exercise self-determination and conduct plebiscites to discern who wants to repatriate to their ancestral homeland, who wants to establish independent nation states of their own, and who wants to integrate into the states they currently reside?

8. What are the legal consequences that arise for all States and the United Nations from the above?

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A Matter of War: Imari Obadele, Our Enslavement in the 13 Colonies and the United States, the Republic of New Afrika and Reparations

Now, by comparision, consider:

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ARISING FROM THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF ISRAEL IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, INCLUDING EAST JERUSALEM - December 30, 2022

The ICJ—at the behest of the UN General Assembly (UNGA)—may soon advise that international law requires Israel to unilaterally and unconditionally withdraw from the disputed Palestinian territories. The UNGA initiated the case by a resolution, passed on December 30, 2022, that requested an ICJ advisory opinion on two questions relating to the legal status and consequences of Israel's presence in “the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967.”

SOUTH AFRICA institutes International Court of Justice proceedings against ISRAEL under the Genocide Convention and requests provisional measures. - December 29, 2023

Within days of the proceedings initiated by South Africa, Israel began withdrawing troops from Gaza.

Input on the Request for an Advisory Opinion from the International Court of Justice on the Status of Afro Descendants Under the Geneva Convention

INPUT ON THE REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION FROM THE ICJ ON THE STATUS OF AFRO DESCEDANTS UNDER THE GENEVA CONVENTION

A Matter of War: Imari Obadele, Our Enslavement in the 13 Colonies and the United States, the Republic of New Afrika and Reparations

Now, by comparision, consider:

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ARISING FROM THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF ISRAEL IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, INCLUDING EAST JERUSALEM - December 30, 2022

SOUTH AFRICA institutes International Court of Justice proceedings against ISRAEL under the Genocide Convention and requests provisional measures. - December 29, 2023

INPUTS